Strategi Pengawasan Laboratorium Obat dan Makanan Berwawasan Lingkungan Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment

An Environmentally Sustainable Strategy for Drug and Food Laboratory Oversight Based on Life Cycle Assessment

Abstract

Laboratorium pengujian obat dan makanan merupakan bagian penting dalam sistem pengawasan berbasis risiko, namun aktivitasnya juga menghasilkan beban atau dampak lingkungan melalui konsumsi energi, penggunaan reagen kimia dan media mikrobiologi, penggunaan air, serta timbulan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hotspot dampak lingkungan operasional laboratorium pengujian obat dan makanan serta merumuskan strategi pengawasan berwawasan lingkungan berbasis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan LCA mengacu pada ISO 14040 dan ISO 14044 dengan batasan sistem gate-to-gate yang mencakup administrasi sampel, pemenuhan kondisi lingkungan laboratorium, preparasi sampel, dan analisis instrumentasi selama tahun 2023 (ISO, 2006a; ISO, 2006b; Hari Wahyuni, 2024). Unit fungsional yang digunakan adalah satu jasa analisis laboratorium, sedangkan data inventori diperoleh dari catatan operasional internal dan dianalisis menggunakan OpenLCA versi 2.0 dengan basis data Ecoinvent (Hari Wahyuni, 2024). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori dampak terbesar adalah Global Warming Potential (GWP) sebesar 161,601 kg CO₂-ekuivalen per jasa analisis dan Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) sebesar 103,162 MJ per jasa analisis, dengan kontribusi dominan berasal dari tahap analisis instrumentasi dan preparasi sampel (Hari Wahyuni, 2024; Samadikun et al., 2024). Hasil normalisasi menempatkan urutan dampak dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil yaitu GWP, CED, asidifikasi, eutrofikasi, karsinogenik dan toksisitas, respiratory organic, serta ozone depletion (Hari Wahyuni, 2024). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, strategi pengawasan laboratorium perlu diarahkan pada efisiensi energi, pengendalian penggunaan reagen kimia, penguatan digitalisasi, serta pengembangan program perubahan perilaku seperti OASIS, Conter Green Lab, dan Bilik Madya (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI, 2025). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikator lingkungan berbasis LCA dapat digunakan sebagai dasar integrasi aspek keberlanjutan ke dalam audit internal, perencanaan program, dan evaluasi kinerja laboratorium.

Kata kunci: Life Cycle Assessment; laboratorium pengujian; dampak lingkungan; green laboratory; pengawasan lingkungan

ABSTRACT

Drug and food testing laboratories are essential components of risk-based regulatory oversight, yet their operations also generate environmental burdens through energy consumption, chemical use, water use, and waste generation. This study aimed to identify environmental impact hotspots in laboratory operations and to formulate environmentally oriented supervisory strategies based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The assessment applied the LCA approach in accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 using a gate-to-gate system boundary covering sample administration, laboratory environmental conditioning, sample preparation, and instrumentation analysis during 2023 (ISO, 2006a; ISO, 2006b; Hari Wahyuni, 2024). The functional unit was one laboratory analysis service, and inventory data were compiled from internal operational records and analyzed using OpenLCA version 2.0 with the Ecoinvent database (Hari Wahyuni, 2024). The results showed that the largest impacts were found in the Global Warming Potential (GWP) category at 161.601 kg CO₂-equivalent per analysis service and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) at 103.162 MJ per analysis service, with the main contributions originating from instrumentation analysis and sample preparation stages (Hari Wahyuni, 2024; Samadikun et al., 2024). Normalization results ranked the impact categories from highest to lowest as GWP, CED, acidification, eutrophication, carcinogenic and toxicity effects, respiratory organic effects, and ozone depletion (Hari Wahyuni, 2024). These findings indicate that supervisory strategies should focus on energy efficiency, chemical-use control, digitalization strengthening, and behavior-based environmental programs such as OASIS, Conter Green Lab, and Bilik Madya (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI, 2025). This study confirms that LCA-based environmental indicators can support the integration of sustainability aspects into internal audits, program planning, and laboratory performance evaluation.

 Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment; testing laboratory; environmental impact; green laboratory; environmental supervision